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Wind is generated due to heating of the earths surface. Uneven heating of different areas of earth causes difference in pressure and makes the air flow from high pressure region to low pressure region, which is termed as Wind. As wind contains tremendous amount of energy, it can be harnessed to generate power on a large scale matching with conventional sources.India is at present ranked 4th in the world in wind power generation as shown below :
Worldwide - 120791 MW as on 31.12.2008The total installed capacity in India is 10242 MW on 30.3.2009, of which Tamil Nadu with installed capacity of 4287 MW accounts for 42 % and is No. 1 State in the country.
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|
S. No. |
Location |
Tentative Gross Potential |
Harnessed upto 31.03.2009 |
|
MW |
|||
|
(i) |
Aralvaimozhi Pass (Muppandal area) Kanyakumari / Tirunelveli Districts |
2100 | 1623 |
|
(ii) |
Sengottah Pass (Kayathar area) Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi Districts |
1300 | 880 |
|
(iii) |
Palghat Pass (Kethanur area) Coimbatore |
1650 | 1524 |
|
(iv) |
Coastal area near Chennai and Rameswaram in Ramanathapuram District and other areas (Theni, Palani areas) |
450 | 260 |
|
Total |
5500 | 4287 | |
Micro survey was also carried out by C-WET to provide reliable data to wind farm developers.
No. of sites surveyed assessment carried out: 69
No. of sites identified as potential : 41
No. of sites under exploitation : 26
Sites for which micro survey conducted : 27
Sites currently understudy : 8
Sites currently under installation and study : 1
To demonstrate the techno-economic viability of wind power and attract private investments in wind mills, demonstration wind farms were set up for the first time in India at Mullaikadu in Thoothukudi in 1986. This was later extended to 7 other locations in 4 Districts for a total capacity of 19 MW till 1993 with financial assistance from MNRE and Govt. of Tamil Nadu.(View Details). This helped to convince the private investors about the potential for power generation from wind mills and its viability.
Growth of wind farms in Tamil Nadu
The spectacular growth of wind farms in Tamil Nadu is attributable to early efforts of Government to assess wind resource potential, set up demonstration farms and the conducive policies adopted to attract private investment. As a result of combination of various favourable factors, private investments came in a big way, starting with the first wind electric generator of 55 kW capacity in Muppandal in 1990 in the private sector.
The capacity of single wind electric generator which was less than 100 kW initially has gone up gradually to 2.0 MW in 2004.
The total installed capacity has also increased to 4287 MW including 17 MW under demonstration programme as on 31.3.2009. Tamil Nadu continues to maintain # 1 position in the country in wind power with 42% of total installed capacity in India.
View Details on Growth of wind mills
|
|
2007 08 (MW) |
Cumulative total as on
31.3.2008 |
2008-09 up to 31.3.09 (MW)
|
Cumulative total as on
(MW) |
|
India |
1663 |
8757 |
721 | 10242 |
|
Tamil Nadu |
381 |
3856 |
431 |
4287 |
During 2003 04 alone, 371 MW capacity was added, out of total of 613 MW created in the country. The growth during 2004 05 is also remarkable with capacity addition of 679 MW. In 2005-06, the addition is 858 MW. During 2006-07, the addition is 577 MW. During 2007-08 the addition is 381 MW. For 2008-09, the addition is 431 MW.
The private wind farms consist of 8451 wind
electric generators (a total capacity of 4270 MW ) as on 31.3.2009
apart from 111 Nos. of 17 .555 MW from demonstration wind farms, all of which generated a
total of 32312 million units of electricity (cumulative) as on
31.3.2009. The units generated in the year (2
GROWTH OF WIND POWER (INDIA & TAMIL NADU)
Wind mills for water pumping
Small wind power generators (small aero generators)
Efforts taken in Tamil Nadu to promote wind power:
Carried out extensive wind resource assessment studies.
Set up demonstration wind farms to establish the techno-economic viability.
Conducted micro surveys in potential areas to provide detailed information on power generation potential.
Encouraged commercial wind farms through investor - friendly policies - such as wheeling & banking facilities for captive consumption, etc.
TNEB developed adequate infrastructure including power evacuation facilities
Enabled setting up of Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) in Tamil Nadu
Facilitated a good manufacturing / servicing facilities in the state.
Economics of Wind Power ( Tentative )
|
Capital Cost |
Rs 5 to 6 crores per MW.
|
|
Power Generation |
30 -35 lakhs kWh / MW / year
|
|
Plant Load Factor (PLF) in Tamil Nadu |
25 - 30 %
|
|
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) |
1.5% to 2% of capital cost
|
|
Interest on loan |
12 % / year (IREDA lending rate) |
| Annual earnings (tentative) |
Captive use : Rs.114 lakhs / MW / year Export : Rs.94 lakhs / MW / year |
| Tax benefits |
|
Incentives offered for investors
MNRE, Govt. of India
Accelerated depreciation on wind electric generator is permissible upto 80 % for income tax calculations subject to a minimum utilization for 6 months in the year in which deduction is claimed.
Import of wind electric generator is permitted under Open General License
Customs duty concessions on wind electric generators and certain essential spares.
Tax holiday is allowed for 10 years in respect of profits / gains from the private wind electric generators
Govt. of Tamil Nadu
Based on the revised tarriff, order issued by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission (TNERC), the eligible rates for sale of surplus energy to TNEB are as follows:
|
Period of commissioning |
Tariff Rs. Per unit |
|
Before 15.5.2006 |
2.75 |
|
15.5.2006 to 18.9.2008 |
2.90
|
|
19.9.2008 to 19.3.2009 |
2.90 up to 19.3.09 3.24 upto 31.3.09 3.39 from 1.4.09 |
|
After 20.3.2009 |
3.24 upto 31.3.09 3.39 from 1.4.09 |
ii. Concessional wheeling charges are levied at 5 % for captive use of power under which industries
can draw the power produced any where in the state at the point of consumption for HT / EHT users.
For captive use in LT services the ratio is 7.5%
iii. Banking facilities are also allowed subject to 5 % charges for using the power anytime of the year up to
31st March of the financial year
iv. Open access is also being implemented by TNEB based on TNERC regulations
Why Tamil Nadu is a favourable destination for investment in wind power?
Conducive and consistent policies of the State Govt. / TNEB such as attractive wheeling and banking facilities on charges of 5 % each
Favourable terrain in potential locations with easy accessibility
Higher plant load factor ( PLF ) of 30 % and therefore higher power generation per MW.
Reasonable power tariff and regular payment by TNEB
Adequate infrastructure for power evacuation including permission for investors to put up their own sub-stations
Services offered by Manufacturers / Suppliers:
Preparation of project report for availing loan, etc.
Selection of suitable sites, purchase and registration of land
Co-ordination and follow up with Govt. and other statutory agencies for necessary clearance
Assembly, erection and commissioning
Operation & maintenance services under AMC
It
is a stand alone type generator which can be used to produce electricity
for captive purposes. It can be installed in places where the wind speed
is more than 15 kmph. 41 such places have been identified in 8 districts
from 67 sites surveyed which are suitable for installing aero
generators. In other places too aerogenerators could be installed
where wind speed is > 15 kmph.
It consists of smaller capacity wind electric generator, (up to 30 kW) a tower, a battery bank with an inverter and electronic control system.
Working Principle
Wind force makes the blade rotate and produce mechanical energy which in turn drives the wind electric generator to produce AC electricity, converted as DC, stored in a battery and used for electrical applications ( DC or AC ) whenever required to supplement EB supply or to save on diesel. There is an in-built self protection mechanism to reduce power output in severe weather conditions.
Potential for use
|
Industries |
Lighting & other electrical uses in Office / factory buildings, Guest houses, residential quarters, street lighting etc. |
|
Local bodies/Institutions |
Office buildings, guest houses, tourist home, hostels, remote buildings in remote locations, street lighting etc. |
|
Individuals |
Farm houses, gardens, campus lights |
Economics (Tentative)
Cost of system - Rs.2.50 - 3.00 lakhs / kW
MNRE Subsidy available for the system for 2007 - 08 upto 50% of Ex-works cost for individuals and 75% for community users subject to a maximum limit (subject to change)
Saves around 2500 kWh per kW per annum depending on wind speed and duration.
Eligible categories of beneficiaries
Community uses such as street lighting
Direct use by central and State Govt. agencies
Individuals, Industrial users
R & D and academic institutions
No. of systems installed
As pilot project, 5 kW capacity systems have been installed in -
Shri Shiridi Saibaba Spiritual and Charitable Trust, Saipuram, Injambakkam, Chennai.
Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari District.
SCAD, Gramodyog Institute, Cheranmahadevi, Tirunelveli District.
Manufacturers
Auto Spare Industries, 4, Kalathiswaran Koil St, Pondicherry 605001
Auroville Energy Products, Auroshilpam, Centre for Scientific Research, Auroville, Tamilnadu 605101
This
device is ideally suited for pumping water for drinking purposes and /
or for minor irrigation. It can operate in places where the wind speed
is about 18 kmph. Gear-type wind mills are also available which
can operate at a speed of 9 kmph.
Types
There are two types (i) Gear type and (ii) Gearless type.
|
Description |
Gear |
Gearless (AV55) |
|
Tower Height (m) |
10 |
13.5 to 19.5 |
|
No of blades |
18 |
24 |
|
Blade diameter ( m) |
3.3 |
5.6 |
|
Pipe size (inches) |
2 to 4 |
3 to 5 |
|
Wind speed (kmph) |
9 |
18 |
|
Water output (lph) |
1000 |
4000 |
|
Water depth (m) |
20 |
15 |
Working Principle
The wind force striking at the blades is converted to mechanical energy which in turn is used for operating a pumping rod, as in the case of hand pump, to pump water from open or bore well.
Potential for use
|
Industries : |
Drinking water supply, gardening, especially with drip irrigation |
|
Local bodies / : Institutions |
Micro irrigation / drinking water supply, horticulture farms especially with drip irrigation, community parks etc. |
|
Individual : |
Micro irrigation / drinking water , horticulture farms with drip irrigation |
Economics (Tentative)
Cost of system - Rs.1.50 to 2 lakhs
MNRE subsidy available for 2007 - 08 Rs.30,000/- per pump for Gear type and Rs.45,000/- per pump for AV55 Type (subject to change)
Saves around 1500 kWh per annum depending on wind speed and duration.
Manufacturers
Auto Spare Industries, 4, Kalathiswaran Koil St, Pondicherry 605001
Aureka Aspiration, Auroville, Tamil Nadu 605101
